Tent Nib
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 Coleman WeatherMaster 6 7 8 9 10 Person Large Screened Tent Family Cabin Camping  US $208.84
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 GIGATENT KINSMAN MT HUGE 3 ROOM TENT WITH AN ATTACHED SCREEN ROOM BRAND NEW US $330.11
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 Coleman 6 Person Instant Tent NEW US $160.00
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 New Coleman 6 Man Family Dome Camping Tent BLUE Laurel Creek 11x9x6 MSRP $149 US $68.00
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 NEW OUTDOOR CAMPING TENT COLEMAN ELITE SUNDOME 6 PERSON 12 X 10 TENT US $196.88
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 Outdoor Camping Tent Persons Double layer Camping Folding Tent Yellow Blue 190 T US $120.99
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 Peaktop Outdoor 10 12 Person Man Camping Tent Tunnel Family Group Tent 21 Room US $197.99
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 BLUE MESA THREE ROOM TENT SLEEPS 9 US $159.00
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 Wenzel Camping 4 5 Person 2 Room Dome Family Tent Doors Window Curtain NEW US $74.95
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 BRAND NEW North Face Mountain Manor 6 tent US $500.00
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 Mountain Trails Grand Pass 18 X 10 6 to 8 Person Tent US $76.00
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 8 10 Deluxe Tunnel Family Group Camping Tent 41 Room5000mm warterproof US $190.99
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 The North Face Mesh Room Docking Station US $50.00
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 Coleman Montana 6 Tent US $99.00
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 NEW COLEMAN Camping Waterproof 6 Person Instant Tent US $175.95
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 New 8 10 Man Person Big Tunnel Spider Family Group Camping Tent 41R With Mesh US $191.99
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 Peaktop Outdoor 8 10 Person Man Camping Tent XX Tunnel Family Tent 21 Room US $157.99
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 8 10 Man Person 21Room Tunnel Camping Family Group Tent 3 season Free Carry Bag US $143.99
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 Huge 8 12 Person ROCKPORT 4 ROOM LARGE FAMILY CAMPING TENT NEW US $127.50
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 Icarus 27 X 22 x 7 9 15 Person X Large Camping Tent Villa w Bonus Guides US $249.00
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 Northwest Territory Family Cabin Dome Tent US $100.00
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 WEATHERMASTER 10 TENT US $255.00
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 Coleman 6 8 9 10 Man 3 Room Huge Tent Six Ten Person The Best For Family Camping US $208.84
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 Coleman Instant 14 by 10 Foot 8 Person Two Room Tent US $96.00
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 COLEMAN Oasis 6 Person Family Camping Tent w Waterproof WeatherTec 12 x 10 US $79.99
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 GARFIELD MT 80 CAMPING TENT 3 SEASON SLEEPS UP TO 6 PEOPLE NEW FAMILY FUN TIME US $72.99
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 COLEMAN MONTANA 6 PERSON TENT COLEMAN CAMPING GEAR US $155.95
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 Eureka Sunrise 9 Tent 5 person New US $103.71
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 Coleman 9 Person Instant Tent NEW US $180.00
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 TeePee Style Waterproof Tent 10x10 Sleeps 6 New US $102.50
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 Olympic cottage tent US $275.00
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 US GI ARMY MILITARY GP MEDIUM TENT 16 X 32 NEW ALL POLES INCLUDED US $2,750.00
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 Tent Many Persons Waterproof Blue Yellow Outdoor Camping 190T 300 x 220 x 175in US $109.99
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 Giga Tent ft 020 Katahdin US $109.00
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 Northwest Territory Blue Ridge Bay 12 Person 3 Room Tent w Screen Porch 15 x 15 US $152.50
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 6 Person Dome Tent 11x11x7 Deluxe tent 7 high US $69.99
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 VINTAGE CLASSIC 1977 COLEMAN LANTERN COMPANY CANVAS TENT SUPER NICE CONDITION US $400.00
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 Northwest Territory 10 Man Olympic Cottage Tent NEW NEVER PUT TOGETHER US $158.49
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 Northwest Territory 12 Man Blue Ridge Bay NEW NEVER PUT TOGETHER US $132.50
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 Peaktop 31 Rooms 8 10 Man XX Large Family Group Camping Tent 3 Season US $184.99
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 Coleman 6 Person Family Camping Tent Scout Troops Summer Fun One Person Setup US $138.64
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 4 6 Person 3 Room Camping Hiking Backpacking Tent Rainfly double walls US $80.00
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 NORTH FACE MOUNTAIN MANOR 8P EXPEDITION TENT ZINC GREY SIENNA ORANGE NWT US $550.00
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 NORTH FACE MOUNTAIN MANOR 6P EXPEDITION TENT ZINC GREY SIENNA ORANGE NWT US $419.99
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 Trail Tech Youth Tent US $10.00
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 Eureka Kahuna Tent Sleeps 6 EXCELLENT CONDITION Extras US $128.50
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 Capricorn 23 X 10 x 7 8 Person X Large Family Camping Tent w Bonus Guides US $249.00
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 high quality 5 persons camping tents US $85.00
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 Coleman 14 x 8 Instant Tent Sleeps 8 Brand New US $294.99
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 Coleman Instant Set Up 4 Person Tent 8 x 7 Brand New US $179.99
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 New Coleman 10 Person Family Camping Tent Huge 16 x 10 Weathermaster US $209.96
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 Texsport 01250 Tent The Lodge SUV Square Dome NEW US $99.00
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 Gigatent FT 020 Katahdin NEW US $109.00
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 Wild River Two Room Cabin Tent 13 x 9 x 79 h US $265.00
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 Ozark Trail 10 Person 3 Room Family Tent With Carrying Bag GREAT DEAL US $149.99
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 Peaktop 31 rooms9 12 Man Person Family Group Camping Tent Outdoor 3 season US $141.99
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 New outdoor 3 Season 8 10 Person 31 Room XX Large Family Group Camping Tent US $169.99
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 COLEMAN Sundome 6 Person Tent Camping Sleeping 10 x 10 US $118.95
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 NEW COLEMAN 8 Person Instant Tent 2 Rooms Waterproof Family Camping 14 x 8 US $249.95
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 COLUMBIA SQUALL RIDGE CB 5500 6 PERSON 10 X 14 HARD FIND TENT NIB US $399.00
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 Coleman Camping Canyon Breeze 10 Person Family Cabin Waterproof Tent 19 x 12 US $274.95
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 Coleman Hampton 9 Person Tent 14ft x 10ft 7ft Tall New in the box US $36.00
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 Oberon 26 X 22 x 7 9 15 Person X Large Camping Tent Villa w Bonuses US $269.00
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 Magellan Outdoors Congaree II 8 Person Family Dome Tent US $.99
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 Tahoe Gear Zion 8 Person Family Tent with Screen Porch US $240.95
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 COLEMAN WeatherMaster 6 Person Camping Tent Screen Room US $230.95
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 Tahoe Gear Acadia 6 Person 3 Season Family Dome Tent US $87.95
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 COLEMAN 8 Person Camping Waterproof Instant Tent RainFly Rain Protection Cover US $285.95
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 13X10 tent US $.99
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 8 10 Person Family Large Tent Outdoor Camping Fiberglass 210T PU3000 OrangeGray US $139.99
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 New Look for CampingTeePee Style Waterproof Tent 10x10 Sleeps 6 New US $112.50
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 NEW 5 Person camping Tent w Rain Cover 10x10x65 Beach Hiking Summer Bike US $71.95
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 Northwest Territory 8 9 Person 2 Room Tent Used Once US $100.00
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 NEW COMFY 5 Person camping Tent w Rain Cover 10x10x78 Hiking Motor Cycle US $83.79
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 Coleman MAX 8 Person Cabin Tent 13X9X6 US $53.00
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 TeePee Style Waterproof Tent 18x18 foot Sleeps 10 12 people US $199.95
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 Sportz SUV 84000 Tent with screen room US $349.99
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 WENZEL KLONDIKE 16 X 11 FEET 8 EIGHT PERSON FAMILY CABIN TENT WITH SCREEN PORCH US $125.00
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 Huge 10 15 Person LEXINGTON 4 ROOM LARGE FAMILY CAMPING TENT US $103.50
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 AXIS 10 X 10 x 9 4 Person Camping Screen Tent w Bonus Guides US $189.00
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Reconfigurable variable blank-holder force system and method for sheet metal stamping
Device for binding the edges of an opening, as on a garment or a bag. A zipper consists of two strips of material with metal or plastic teeth along the edges, and a sliding piece that interlocks the teeth when moved in one direction and separates them again when moved in the opposite direction. The idea of a slide fastener was first exhibited by Whitcomb L. Judson (died 1909) at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. The modern form of the zipper began to appear on clothing in the late 1920s.
A zipper ( English: zip fastener or zip ) is a popular device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric. It is used in clothing (e.g. jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (e.g., tents and sleeping bags), and other daily use items, because it's stronger than the alternatives.
Descriptions
The bulk of a zipper consists of two strips of fabric tape, each affixed to one of the two pieces to be joined, carrying tens or hundreds of specially shaped metal or plastic teeth. These teeth can be either individual or shaped from a continuous coil, and are also referred to as elements . The slider, operated by hand, moves along the rows of teeth. Inside the slider is a Y-shaped channel that meshes together or separates the opposing rows of teeth, depending on the direction of its movement. The friction and vibration of the slider against the teeth causes a characteristic buzzing noise, which is probably the origin of the name zipper . The name also may have originated in the greater speed and ease with which the two sides of a zipper can be joined, compared to the time needed for fastening laces or buttons.
Some zippers have two slides, allowing variation in the opening's size and position. In most jackets and similar garments, the opening is closed entirely when one slide is at each end. In most baggage, the opening is closed entirely when the two slides are next to each other at any point along the zipper.
Zippers may:
Increase the size of an opening to allow the passage of objects, as in the fly of trousers or in a pocket.Join or separate two ends or sides of a single garment, as in the front of a jacket.
Attach or detach a separable part of the garment to or from another, as in the conversion between trousers and shorts or the connection / disconnection of a hood and a coat. Decorate an item.
These variations are achieved by sewing one end of the zipper together, sewing both ends together, or allowing both ends of the zipper to come completely apart.
A zipper costs relatively little, but if it fails, the garment may be unusable until the zipper is repaired or replaced -- which can be quite difficult and expensive. Problems often lie with the zipper slider; when it becomes worn it does not properly align and join the alternating teeth.
History
An early device superficially similar to the zipper, "an Automatic, Continuous Clothing Closure", was patented in the United States by Elias Howe in 1851. Unlike the zipper, Howe's invention had no slider; instead a series of clasps slid freely along both edges to be joined, with each clasp holding the two sides together at whichever pair of points along them it was located. The clasps were joined together by a string, which, when pulled taut, caused the clasps to be evenly spaced along the closure, thus holding the two edges together. Pulling in the other direction caused the clasps to become bunched up at one end, by which means the device was opened.
The true zipper was the product of a series of incremental improvements over more than twenty years, by inventors and engineers associated with a sequence of companies that were the progenitors of Talon, Inc. This process began with a version called the "clasp locker", invented by Whitcomb L. Judson of Chicago (previously of Minneapolis and New York City), and for which a patent was first applied on Nov. 7, 1891. It culminated in 1914 with Gideon Sundback's invention of the "Hookless Fastener No. 2", the first version of the zipper without any major design flaws and essentially indistinguishable from modern zippers.
Initial versions of the zipper were based on the "hook and eye" principle, rather than on interlocking teeth, and tended to come apart easily. Some versions depended on constant pressure from one side of the joined fabric in order to hold together at all, which limited applications. In the 1891 version, the slider detached entirely from the zipper when not being used to open or close.
Judson, together with business partner Harry Earle, founded the first incarnation of what was to eventually become Talon Inc., in Chicago in 1894, as the Universal Fastener Company. The design deficiencies, combined with difficulties in getting the machinery needed for mass production to work, prevented the early devices from reaching market, which led to financial hardships for the company. This in turn led to a series of reorganizations and name changes, as well as relocations, first to Catasauqua, Pennsylvania; then to Elyria, Ohio; Hoboken, New Jersey; and finally Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Gideon Sundb?ck, a Swedish-born American immigrant, joined the company, then called the Automatic Hook and Eye Company, in Hoboken, in 1906. At that time the company's product, still based on hooks and eyes, was called the "C-curity Fastener". Sundback developed an improved version of the C-curity, called the "Plako", but it too had a strong tendency to pull apart, and wasn't any more successful than the previous versions. Sundback finally solved the pulling-apart problem in 1913, with his invention of the first version of the zipper based on interlocking teeth, the "Hookless Fastener No. 1".
That version, however, had a tendency to wear out quickly, and again was not a commercial success. Finally, in 1914 Sundback developed another version based on interlocking teeth, the "Hookless No. 2", which solved the last remaining major design defect, and opened the way to commercial success. The principle is, each tooth is punched to have a dimple on its bottom and a nib or conical projection on its top. The nib atop one tooth engages in the matching dimple in the bottom of the tooth that follows it on the other side as the two strips of teeth are brought together through the two Y channels of the slider. The teeth are crimped tightly to a strong fabric cord that is the selvage edge of the cloth tape that attaches the zipper to the garment, with the teeth on one side offset by half a tooth's height from those on the other side's tape. They are held so tightly to the cord and tape that once meshed there is not enough play to let them pull apart - - a tooth cannot rise up off the nib below it enough to break free, and its nib on top cannot drop out of the dimple in the tooth above it. The classic zipper was made of a brass alloy, a metal that has low friction and is long-wearing.
Sundback's invention of the Hookless No. 2 took place while he was working for the Hookless Fastener Company in Meadville, which had previously been set up to manufacture the Hookless No. 1. Depending on which improvement one wants to consider to constitute the "invention" of the zipper, the zipper was invented either in Meadville, Chicago, or one of the other previously mentioned cities. The B. F. Goodrich Company coined the name Zipper in 1923 for the line of rubber overshoes that it made using the fastener. The name slowly came to be associated with the fastener itself, and eventually acquired generic status.
The zipper slowly became popular for children's clothing and men's trousers in the 1920s and 1930s. In the early 1930s the haute couture designer Elsa Schiaparelli featured zippers in her avant-garde gowns, helping it to become acceptable in women's clothing. In 1934, Tadao Yoshida founded a company called San-S Shokai in downtown Tokyo. Later, this company would change its name to YKK and become the world's largest manufacturer of zippers and fastening products. By World War II, the zipper had become widely used in Europe and North America, and after the war quickly spread through the rest of the world.
Clergy in the 1920s and 1930s described zippers as allowing one to take one's clothes off too quickly, thus hastening illicit sexual activity. Clothing with zippers was seen as inappropriate to be worn by women because of this belief, and was not fully adopted until the late 1950s.
Today, such global companies as YKK, Olympic Zippers Ltd, Opti, TALON, Ideal, NEO, KCC Group, and Tex Corp, make various types of zippers including "invisible" zippers, metallic zippers, and plastic zippers.
On a CBC-produced miniseries aired in January 2007, The Greatest Canadian Invention; the Zipper placed at No. 8 on the list. It qualified because Sundback had been president of a Canadian-based company that was one of the earliest manufacturers of the zipper.
Over a number of years the zipper has become extremely common on many of the clothing items that are worn by everyday people all over the world.
Types
Coil zippers now form the bulk of sales of zippers worldwide. The slider runs on two coils on each side; the "teeth" are the coils. Two basic types of coils are used: one with coils in spiral form, usually with a cord running inside the coils; the other with coils in ladder form, also called the Ruhrmann type. This second type is now used only in a few parts of the world, mainly in South Asia. Coil zippers are made of polyester coil and are thus also known as polyester zippers. Nylon was formerly used and though only polyester is used now, the type is still known as a nylon zippers.
Invisible zippers' teeth are behind the tape. The tape's color matches the garment's, as does the slider, so that, except the slider, the zipper is "invisible". This kind of a zipper is common in skirts and dresses. Invisible zippers are usually coil zippers or to be precise polyester zipper.
Metallic zippers are the classic zipper type, found mostly in jeans today. The teeth are not a coil, but are individual pieces of metal moulded into shape and set on the zipper tape at regular intervals. Metal zippers are made in brass, aluminium and nickel, according to the metal used for teeth making. All these zippers are basically made from flat wire. A special type of metal zipper is made from pre-formed wire, usually brass but sometimes other metals too. Only a few companies in the world have the technology. These type of pre-formed metal zippers are mainly used in high grade jeanswear, workwear, etc., where high strength is required and zippers need to withstand tough washing.
Plastic-molded zippers are identical to metallic zippers, except that the teeth are plastic instead of metal. Metal zippers can be painted to match the surrounding fabric; plastic zippers can be made in any color of plastic. Plastic zippers mostly use polyacetal resin though other resins are used too like polyethylene.
Open-ended zippers use a "box and pin" mechanism to lock the two sides of the zipper into place, often in jackets. Open-ended zippers can be of any of the above specified types.
Closed-ended zippers are closed at both ends; they are often used in baggage.
Components
The components of a zipper are:
1 - top tape end
2 - top stop
3 - slider
4 - puller
5 - tape
6 - spiral width
7 - bottom stop
8 - bottom tape end
9 - single tape width
10 - pin
11 - box
12 - reinforcement
Manufacturing
Japan makes 68% of the world's zipper. A large part of these are manufactured by YKK, which has production facilities in 68 countries and the world's largest zipper manufacturing center in Macon, Georgia USA, with 900 employees. Almost all of the rest are made in Southeast Asia. Major zipper manufacturing countries in Southeast Asia are now Bangladesh, China and India. These countries are not only manufacturing zippers for domestic use and use in exported products but are exporting zippers directly to other countries as well. TALON still exists as an American brand, now owned by TagIt Pacific of USA.Tag It recently changed its name to Talon International Inc.
About the Author
xlnb.cn is a Manufacturer and suppliers of shower drain, sheet metal stamping, metal stamping, Equipment parts by OEM/ODM service with diversified schemes.
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